After failing to get a resolution passed on the subject, Alger Hiss, the secretary general of the conference, recommended using a declaration to establish such an organization. Establishment ĭuring the 1945 United Nations Conference on International Organization, Szeming Sze, a delegate from China, conferred with Norwegian and Brazilian delegates on creating an international health organization under the auspices of the new United Nations. After World War II, the United Nations absorbed all the other health organizations, to form the WHO. When the League of Nations was formed in 1920, it established the Health Organization of the League of Nations. In part as a result of the successes of the Conferences, the Pan-American Sanitary Bureau (1902), and the Office International d'Hygiène Publique (1907) were soon founded. Subsequent conferences, from 1902 until the final one in 1938, widened the diseases of concern for the ISC, and included discussions of responses to yellow fever, brucellosis, leprosy, tuberculosis, and typhoid. While Denmark, Sweden-Norway, and the US did not sign this convention, it was unanimously agreed that the work of the prior conferences should be codified for implementation. : 65įive years later, in 1897, a convention concerning the bubonic plague was signed by sixteen of the 19 states attending the Venice conference. It was concerned only with the sanitary control of shipping traversing the Suez Canal, and was an effort to guard against importation of cholera. The seventh conference, in Venice in 1892, finally resulted in a convention. Seven of these international conferences, spanning 41 years, were convened before any resulted in a multi-state international agreement. With the etiology (causation), even the communicability, of many epidemic diseases still uncertain and a matter of scientific argument, international agreement on appropriate measures was difficult to reach. The first conference, in Paris, was almost solely concerned with cholera, which would remain the disease of major concern for the ISC for most of the 19th century. The International Sanitary Conferences (ISC), the first of which was held on 23 June 1851, were a series of conferences that took place until 1938, about 87 years. Since the late 20th century, the rise of new actors engaged in global health such as the World Bank, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief ( PEPFAR) and dozens of public-private partnerships for global health have weakened the WHO's role as a coordinator and policy leader in the field. Its total approved budget for 2020–2021 is over $7.2 billion, of which the majority comes from voluntary contributions from member states. The WHO relies on contributions from member states (both assessed and voluntary) and private donors for funding. The current director-general is Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus of Ethiopia. It selects the director-general, sets goals and priorities, and approves the budget and activities. Its World Health Assembly, the agency's decision-making body, elects and advises an executive board made up of 34 health specialists. Its current priorities include communicable diseases, particularly HIV/AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malaria and tuberculosis non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and cancer healthy diet, nutrition, and food security occupational health and substance abuse. The WHO has played a leading role in several public health achievements, most notably the eradication of smallpox, the near- eradication of polio, and the development of an Ebola vaccine. The WHO also serves as a forum for discussions of health issues. A publication, the World Health Report, provides assessments of worldwide health topics. It provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards, and collects data on global health issues. ![]() It advocates that a billion more people should have: universal health care coverage, engagement with the monitoring of public health risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting health and well-being. The WHO's mandate seeks and includes: working worldwide to promote health, keeping the world safe, and serve the vulnerable. Its work began in earnest in 1951 after a significant infusion of financial and technical resources. The WHO incorporated the assets, personnel, and duties of the League of Nations' Health Organization and the Office International d'Hygiène Publique, including the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The first meeting of the World Health Assembly (WHA), the agency's governing body, took place on 24 July of that year. ![]() Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, it has six regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide. The World Health Organization ( WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
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